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Biogas  is gas with 50-70% of methane (CH4) and 50-30% of carbon dioxide (CO2) content. It is   produced while anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and as is a product of bacteria metabolism.

 Anaerobic digestion - the process of organic matter decomposition without oxygen access

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·          India's 300 million cattle. Biogas technology may have the potential to short-circuit the 'energy transition' Leach (1987) describes from biomass to 'modern' fuels.

·         The enormous potential of biogas, estimated at 17,000 MW

·          The gas is useful as a fuel substitute

·         Biogas systems also provide a residue organic waste, after anaerobic digestion that has superior nutrient qualities over the usual organic fertilizer.

·         Function as a waste disposal system, particularly for human waste,

·          Prevent potential sources of environmental contamination.

·          Provision of power for a rural-based industry

·          Biogas may also provide the user with income generating opportunities

·         By providing an alternative source of fuel, biogas can replace the traditional biomass based fuels,

·         What is more certain, is the impact on rural women’s' lives.

·          A clean and particulate-free source of energy also reduces the likelihood of chronic diseases

·          Significant reductions in emissions associated with the combustion of bio fuels, The use of biogas systems in an agrarian community can increase agricultural productivity

Some of the key expected benefits of an anaerobic digester are:

  • Odor control
  • Renewable energy production
  • Pathogen reduction
  • Greenhouse gas reduction
  • Reduction in total oxygen demand of the treated manure (total oxygen demand is a measure of potential impact on aquatic systems) 

Investments saving

New enterprises can have considerable investment savings due to the possibility to avoid building new gas pipeline, electricity line, auxiliary generators and waste storage facilities. Thanks to the short digestion period the volume of waste lagoons can be reduced twice. Investment cost savings can reach about 30-40% from biogas plant price.

Weed Seed Destruction We did a simple germination test of the digested manure to test for presence of weed seeds and no weeds were detected.   seed germination of samples run through the CARE digester, and results will be available in 2010

Greenhouse Gas Reductions Burning methanehas resulted in a reduction in greenhouse gases.  In the first 10 operating months, it was estimated that the equivalent of approximately 680 tons of carbon dioxide were mitigated.25

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Emissions  Anaerobic digestion, besides methane and carbon dioxide, also produces small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (toxic to humans in certain situations26), nitrogen, ammonia and other trace gases.  After combustion, this results in emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and small amounts of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM).  It should be noted that hydrogen sulfide would be emitted without the digester, and that by burning the biogas, hydrogen sulfide is converted into sulfur dioxide, which is less toxic to humans.  

Odour Reduction

The reduction in odor from the digester is very noticeable.  Near the pond where the digested manure is stored, there is only a slight odor.  Farms that injected the digested manure on their fields several times in the spring of 2000.  Neighbors have not reported noticing a smell, where as when the Farms would apply raw manure neighbors would notice the smell for several days, although no complaints were made. .

    • Payback of 5 years on investment is possible
    • A good time to install a digester is when changing or expanding operations
    • Electric utility cooperation is important
    • Active management is crucial for stable digester and engine operation
    • Digester design and engineering expertise is key
    • There are barriers to financing digester systems 
    • Cooperative agency participation reduces the barriers to a project’s success
    • Manure collection method and collection frequency are important

    Anaerobic digesters biologically treat manure and produce a stable effluent with slightly different chemical characteristics than raw manure. In the process, a biogas composed primarily of methane is produced, captured, and the gas is then combusted in an engine, boiler or flare.  Manure treatment reduces total oxygen demand, odors and pathogens. 

    • What are the environmental benefits and what are the concerns?
    • What is the cost of building a digester?
    • Can the energy produced pay back the investment?
    • Who should install a digester?
    • What are the pitfalls and barriers to installing a digester?
    • What are the impacts on the community?

copyright 2007 @ Centre for Application of Renewable Energy
email : care@care-india.com